中国企业参与全球价值链的持续时间及其决定因素

研究目标：考察中国企业参与全球价值链的持续时间及其决定因素。研究方法：采用2000~2007年中国企业面板数据,通过生存分析模型进行研究。研究发现：中国企业进入和退出全球价值链（GVC）的企业数量大体呈上升趋势,企业总体嵌入GVC的持续时间较短,均值为1.827年,且随着持续时间增长企业生存的危险性逐渐降低。其中东部地区企业、加工贸易企业、民营企业和外资企业在GVC中的生存率更高,风险率更低,持续嵌入GVC的能力更强。出口发达国家的企业、加工贸易企业、民营企业、外资企业和具有较好研发能力、全要素生产率较高、规模较大、融资约束较小、年龄较小的企业退出GVC的概率更低,嵌入GVC的持续时间更长。研究创新：构建企业层面价值链嵌入程度指标,并运用生存分析创新性地考察中国企业在全球价值链中的进入退出行为。研究价值：对评析贸易开放的利得以及寻求“中国制造”在全球价值链中持续经营的模式具有重要的理论意义。     

Revisiting the external impact of MNCs: An empirical study of the mechanisms behind knowledge spillovers from MNC subsidiaries

The majority of studies of knowledge spillovers from the presence of multinational corporations (MNCs) have focused on whether or not, rather than how knowledge spillovers occur from MNC subsidiaries to local host country firms. Using survey data from 210 MNC subsidiaries in Sweden, a composite model is developed examining the impact of two different environmental conditions on the occurrence of knowledge spillovers arising from innovation transfer within MNCs. We distinguish between horizontal knowledge spillovers (i.e., to competitors) and vertical knowledge spillovers (i.e., to customers and suppliers), and emphasise the conceptually important distinction between the two. The former are largely unintentional by nature whereas the latter can be considered as intentional knowledge diffusion. The results show that competitive pressure in the recipient subsidiary's local environment gives rise to unintentional knowledge spillovers, whereas it is negatively related to intentional knowledge diffusion. The results also support the notion that the degree of embeddedness of in a subsidiary's business network in the host country is positively related to intentional knowledge diffusion. An important finding of the study is that there is a positive relationship between intentional knowledge diffusion and unintentional knowledge spillovers.     

知识多样性、知识网络结构与新兴技术创新绩效——基于发明专利数据的NBD模型检验

基于新兴技术创新的生态特征,整合知识资源基础与知识网络结构两个知识生态系统的理论维度,探索新兴技术创新来自于企业组织内部的知识动力机制：知识多样性与知识网络结构,影响新兴技术创新绩效的独立效应与交互效应。基于负二项分布回归模型、采用221家中国企业的新兴技术发明专利数据实证研究表明：知识丰富性与新兴技术创新绩效正相关,而知识异质性与知识动态性和新兴技术创新绩效呈倒U型关系;知识网络结构洞与新兴技术创新绩效负相关,知识网络中心势与新兴技术绩效呈倒U型关系;知识网络结构洞与知识丰富性,在新兴技术创新中具有负向交互效应,而知识网络中心势与知识丰富性和动态性存在正向交互效应。创新组织需要通过跨界知识探索,构建丰富、异质、动态的组织内部知识生态,同时采取低结构洞、适度中心势的知识网络结构策略,来促进新兴技术创新。